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  <title>Sixth Patriarch</title>
 
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    <td width="480" height="330" valign="top"><p align="left"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000080" size="5"><em><strong>How Huineng Became the Sixth Patriarch</strong></em></font></p>
 
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      <td width="50%"><font face="Times New Roman"><em>The rice grinding wheel Huineng used
 
      while serving as a laborer in the monastery</em></font></td>
 
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    <p><font face="Arial"><strong>Part 1: Shenxiu's Masterpiece</strong></font></p>
 
    <p>Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen, is without question one of the most influential
 
    figures in Tao philosophy, and this story may well be the most significant tale in Zen
 
    lore. Not only is it an interesting drama of how the underdog attained an exalted position
 
    against all prevailing expectations, but also the poetry contained herein teaches us some
 
    essential and fundamental Tao lessons.</p>
 
    <p>When Huineng first came to the monastery of the Fifth Patriarch, he was a singularly
 
    unimpressive figure - a poor boy from the backward countryside who did not even know how
 
    to read or write. The learned monks at the monstery paid him to heed and in general
 
    considered him beneath contempt. Little did they realize that one day this
 
    scruffy-looking, low-class peasant would become their spiritual leader.</p>
 
    <p>When the time came for the Fifth Patriarch to name his successor, he ordered all the
 
    disciples to express their understanding of Zen Buddhist teachings in whatever way they
 
    saw fit. The one who could demonstrate the utmost undestanding would become the next
 
    Patriarch.</p>
 
    <p><em>(To understand the significance of this event, let's imagine what would happen if
 
    the Pope in Vatican should decide that his successor shall be the winner of an essay
 
    contest open to all... hmm?)</em></p>
 
    <p>The most learned disciple at the monastery was the head monk Shenxiu, who was an
 
    accomplished scholar. Most monks felt certain that the mantle would go to him, and that
 
    there was no way any of them would be a match for Shenxiu's intellects. Many did not even
 
    try.</p>
 
    <p>To demonstrate his wisdom, Shenxiu wrote his famous poem on the wall of a temple
 
    corridor:</p>
 
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      <td width="181" align="center"><p align="center"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/body.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/is.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/pu.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/ti.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/tree.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"></td>
 
      <td width="281"><strong><em><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Body is the bodhi tree</font></em></strong></td>
 
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      <td width="181" align="center"><p align="center"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/heart.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/like.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/clear.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/mirror.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/stand.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"></td>
 
      <td width="281"><strong><em><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Heart is like clear
 
      mirror stand</font></em></strong></td>
 
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      <td width="181" align="center"><p align="center"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/shi.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/shi.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/diligent.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/fu.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/clean.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"></td>
 
      <td width="281"><strong><em><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Strive to clean it
 
      constantly</font></em></strong></td>
 
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      <td width="181" align="center"><p align="center"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/dont.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/let.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/attract.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/dust.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"><img src="http://www.taoism.net/articles/chinese/mote.gif" WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="25"></td>
 
      <td width="281"><i><b><strong><em><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Do not let the
 
      dust motes land</font></em></strong></b></i></td>
 
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    <p><em>(If you know Chinese, you may notice that the above is a poetic translation rather
 
    than a rigorously exact one. If you're wondering how I arrived at the above, take a look
 
    at the <strong><a href="http://www.taoism.net/translate.htm">Translation Notes</a></strong>.)</em></p>
 
    <p>Bodhi means enlightenment or spiritual awakening. The bodhi tree is the tree that
 
    Gautama sat under when he became fully enlightened and attained the state of grace known
 
    as Buddhahood. This type of tree originally grew on the banks of a tributary of the Ganges
 
    and features heart-shaped leaves.</p>
 
    <p>In his poem Shenxiu compares the human body to the bodhi tree. His meaning is that
 
    sitting by the tree is the human soul, which like Gautama, is capable of attaining the
 
    ultimate wisdom.</p>
 
    <p><em>(Incidentally, The Bodhi Tree is also the name of the famous bookstore on Melrose
 
    devoted to metaphysical subjects. An interesting fact about the bookstore is that it was
 
    founded by, of all people, three aerospace engineers! That's perhaps a compelling
 
    testimonial that not all engineers are the stereotypical cardboard figures.)</em></p>
 
    <p>Also, in his poem Shenxiu compares the soul to a mirror that must be kept clean at all
 
    times. The "dust" in the poem refers to all the distractions, temptations and
 
    impure thoughts of the material world. To keep the soul clear of these unclean elements, a
 
    Zen disciple must diligently practice Tao - which is to say, engage in pursuits such as
 
    meditation, reading and reciting of scriptures, and the performance of the various
 
    rituals.</p>
 
    <p>In a nutshell, Shenxiu expresses that the road of enlightenment is not an easy one.
 
    Only through hard work and never-ending diligence can one purify one's mind sufficiently
 
    to attain Buddhahood. The poem was a rallying call for the monks to fortify their resolve
 
    as they continue on this difficult spiritual journey.</p>
 
    <p>All the monks were impressed. And, certain that this poem is effectively the edict from
 
    their next leader, they all memorized it and recited it as they went about their daily
 
    duties. Huineng overheard them, and that was how he learned of the existence of Shenxiu's
 
    work.</p>
 
    <p><em>(Now let's think about this for a moment. How would you top Shenxiu if you were
 
    Huineng? Shenxiu's poem seems impeccable! Who can fault this declaration of a 
 
  	cultivator's total commitment to constant effort to achieve the ultimate
 
    enlightenment?)</em></p>
 
    <p><a href="http://www.taoism.net/stories/6patri2.htm"><font face="Arial"><strong>Part 2: Huineng's Response</strong></font></a></td>
 
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   <p>Last updated Thursday, December 5, 2013 at 10:47 a.m.</p>
 
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